Người bệnh dựa trên nguyên tắc xây dựng chế độ ăn cho người tiểu đường sau đây:
- Đủ chất đạm, béo, bột, vitamin và các khoáng chất, đủ nước sao cho cung cấp cho cơ thể người bệnh một lượng đường tương đối ổn định.
- Ăn uống điều độ và hợp lý về giờ giấc và số lượng thức ăn trong các bữa chính và phụ sao cho không làm tăng đường máu nhiều sau ăn, không làm hạ đường máu lúc xa bữa ăn.
- Duy trì được hoạt động thể lực bình thường hàng ngày, duy trì được cân nặng lý tưởng.
Người bệnh tiểu đường nên chia thành nhiều bữa ăn trong một ngày
- Ăn sáng: 20% tổng năng lượng/ ngày
- Phụ sáng: 10% tổng năng lượng/ ngày
- Ăn trưa: 25% tổng năng lượng/ ngày
- Phụ chiều: 10% tổng năng lượng/ ngày
- Ăn tối: 25% tổng năng lượng/ ngày
- Phụ tối: 10% tổng năng lượng/ ngày
Cần chú ý chỉ số GI khi lựa chọn thức ăn cho người tiểu đường. Người bệnh nên cân bằng chế độ ăn của mình bằng cách kết hợp giữa các món có chỉ số GI cao ( bánh mù, gạo nguyên cám) và thấp ( rau củ) với nhau.
Chỉ số đường huyết chính là thức đo khả năng làm tăng đường huyết sau khi ăn của một loại thực phẩm so với thực phẩm chuẩn ( bánh mì trắng). Giá trị của chỉ số đường huyết được xếp loại thành THẤP (<55), VỪA ( 56-74) và CAO (>75)
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